Are GPA and CGPA the same? Many students in India, along with their parents, often have this question, especially if they plan to study abroad. Understanding these terms is important, as they can significantly influence your academic and career opportunities.
When applying to international universities, you need a clear understanding of GPA and CGPA and how to convert one to the other to ensure a smooth application process. Here’s a straightforward explanation.
What is CGPA and GPA?
GPA stands for Grade Point Average. It represents the average grades you earn in a single semester or academic year. CGPA, or Cumulative Grade Point Average, calculates the average of all your grades across every semester until you complete your degree.
In countries like the U.S. and Canada, universities typically use a 4-point GPA scale. In India, most schools use a 10-point CGPA scale. Because many Indian students are familiar with CGPA, it can sometimes be confusing when they apply or get evaluated internationally. Think of GPA as a snapshot of your grades, while CGPA shows your full academic journey.
Key Differences Between GPA and CGPA
GPA and CGPA both measure academic performance, but in different ways. GPA reflects your performance in a single semester or term, making it useful for short-term evaluations such as semester grades or individual course performance. CGPA, on the other hand, calculates your cumulative performance across multiple semesters, making it important for degree qualifications, scholarships and job applications. GPA typically uses a 4-point scale, as seen in universities in the U.S. and Canada, while CGPA usually follows a 10-point scale in India and is often converted to a 4-point scale for international applications. Understanding these differences is crucial when preparing your academic records for universities abroad.
Now that you understand the distinction, it’s also important to consider how grading systems vary across countries like the US, UK, Canada, Australia and India when applying to universities worldwide.
Use of GPA vs CGPA in Different Countries
Universities use different grading systems, so converting GPA or CGPA may be necessary when applying abroad. Understanding these scales ensures grades meet admission requirements.
In the US and Canada, universities generally use a 4.0 GPA scale, though some Canadian schools use a 4.33 scale. The UK and Ireland typically rely on percentage-based grading, which may be converted into classifications such as First Class or Upper Second (2:1). Australian universities use a 7-point GPA scale, while most Indian schools use a 10-point CGPA system, which is often converted to a 4.0 scale for international applications.
Calculating GPA and CGPA
GPA reflects performance in a single semester or term, while CGPA averages grades across all semesters.
GPA Formula: GPA = Total Grade Points ÷ Total Credit Hours
Grade points correspond to the grades received (A = 4.0, B = 3.0 etc.) and credit hours reflect course weight.
Example: A student with courses totaling 12 credit hours and 38 grade points would have a GPA of 3.17.
CGPA Formula: CGPA = Total Grade Points Across Semesters ÷ Total Credit Hours Across Semesters
Example: If Semester 1 GPA = 3.5 with 20 credit hours and Semester 2 GPA = 3.8 with 22 credit hours
CGPA = (3.5×20 + 3.8×22) ÷ (20 + 22) = 3.66
How Universities Interpret GPA and CGPA
Universities worldwide convert grades to their standard scale:
Indian CGPA (out of 10) is typically converted to a 4.0 GPA for the US and Canadian admissions.
Top US universities such as Harvard or Stanford generally expect a GPA of 3.7–4.0 (≈ CGPA 8.5–9.0). Mid-tier universities such as NYU accept GPA 3.0+ (≈ CGPA 7.5+).
UK and Irish universities often request percentage equivalents or classifications.
Australian universities use a 7-point scale, requiring appropriate conversion.
Tips to Improve GPA and CGPA
Follow a consistent study schedule
Prioritise high-credit courses to maximize grade impact
Retake failed subjects to improve overall performance
Maintain consistent study habits
Track grades and seek guidance when necessary
Understanding the difference between GPA and CGPA is essential when preparing for international applications. Grading systems vary across countries, so converting CGPA to international scales is crucial. Checking specific conversion policies for each university ensures accurate academic records.
Fragomen Educational Services Consultants can provide guidance throughout this process to strengthen applications.
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